A case of ectopic pregnancy after total hysterectomy / 대한산부인과학회지

Ectopic pregnancy after total hysterectomy is a very rare event and this could be the reason for the delay in diagnosis. We report a case of a ruptured tubal pregnancy occurred after hysterectomy and diagnosed by ultrasonography, computed tomography, and laparoscopy. A 37-year-old woman visited our emergency department for evaluation of abdominal pain, 31 days after total abdominal hysterectomy. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan showed a cystic mass on the right adnexa and a large amount of fluid collection in the pelvic cavity. The patient's urine pregnancy test was positive. Laparoscopic findings revealed a ruptured right tubal pregnancy with hemoperitoneum. Ectopic pregnancy should be included in the differential diagnosis of a patient, even after total hysterectomy has been performed.

Epithelial ovarian cancer in patients under 20 years of age / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death due to gynecologic malignancies in adults, but is rare in children and adolescents. This is a report of series of such patients under 20 years of age documenting their presentation, histologic type, stage of disease, treatment, and outcome. METHODS: We collected data on 21 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer under 20 years of age between January 1990 and December 2005. Patient records and pathology were reviewed. RESULTS: Epithelial ovarian cancer under 20 years of age was 2.2% in overall ovarian cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer was 42.0% among 50 patients under 20 years of age and the most common histologic type was germ cell tumors (54%). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 17.6 years (range, 13-20 years), and the median follow-up was 87 months (range, 4-175 months). There were seventeen (81.0%) mucinous tumors, four (19.0%) serous tumors. About thirty-eight percent were low malignant potential or borderline tumors. About Eighty-five percent (18 patients) of tumors were stage I disease and about fourteen percent (3 patients) were stage III disease at the time of diagnosis. Surgical treatment included conservative surgery in 18 patients (85.7%), total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy in 3 patients (14.3%). CONCLUSION: Epithelial ovarian cancers are rare in patients in children and adolescents. The majority of ovarian cancers in this age group are mucinous tumors, stage I at diagnosis and borderline ovarian tumor. Conservative management is feasible to achieve preservation of fertility.

Value of Human Papilloma Virus load in hybrid capture II assay to predict high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in menopausal women with ASCUS or LSIL / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether determination of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) viral load is helpful to predict the presence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) that requires aggressive treatment in menopausal women who have presented with an unsatisfactory colposcopic finding and ASCUS or LSIL. METHODS: In menopausal women with ASCUS or LSIL and with who were positive for HPV, 54 women had diagnostic conization were analyzed retrospectively. We used the Hybrid Capture II method. We classified women in a low-risk group (chronic cervicitis, CIN I) and a high-risk group (> or =CIN II) according to the pathological results of conization. We also classified patients into the HPV viral load or =100 RLU/PC group. We analyzed the relationship between the pathological results of conization and viral load. RESULTS: For the conization, 30 women had chronic cervicitis, nine women had CIN I, three women had CIN II and 12 women had CIN III. In the low Hybrid Capture titer-group ( or =CIN II pathology but in the high Hybrid Capture titer-group (> or =100 RLU/PC), 11 women had high risk pathology this finding was statistically significant (P=0.013). Compared to the low Hybrid Capture titer group, the relative risk of high grade CIN (> or =CIN II) in the high Hybrid Capture titer group was 2.043 (95% CI, 1.216~3.432). CONCLUSIONS: For menopausal women with an unsatisfactory colposcopic finding and also have ASCUS or LSIL women with high HPV viral load might have tendency of > or =CIN II pathology.

The Increasing Frequency of Cervical Cancer in Korean Women under 35 / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological trends of cervical cancer in young Korean women. Social behavior including sexual habits has changed in Korean women, with sexual activity commencing at a younger age. These changes are likely to influence certain risk factors of cervical cancer, resulting in changing trends in the occurrence of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The incidence of cervical cancer in women less than 35 years-old between January 1990 and December 2006 was analyzed, and available medical records from January 1996 to December 2006 were reviewed. The clinical, pathological and epidemiologic characteristics and changing trends among these young patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Over the last two decades, the incidence of young (< 35 years) cervical cancer patients increased, more patients had an aggressive form of the disease, and there was a higher rate of women with more advanced education. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was detected in 94.0% of the women (63/67) tested. HPV 16 (82.5%) and HPV 18 (12.7%) were the two most common viral infections detected throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The changing trends and risk factors identified suggest a need for more active education of young women about cervical cancer prevention strategies. In addition, young women are strongly recommended to undergo a regular screening test and HPV vaccination.

Adjuvant therapy in high-risk early endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 46 cases / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prognostic factors and the efficacy of adjuvant therapy and reviewed randomized studies carried out on patients receiving adjuvant therapy with early endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: One hundred and five patients that received primary surgical treatment for stage IB, IC and II endometrial cancer were enrolled in this study. The clinical outcomes were compared among the patients with variable prognostic factors and adjuvant treatments. RESULTS: One hundred and five patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria and 46 patients (43.8%) underwent adjuvant therapy. Disease recurrence occurred in nine patients within a median time of 24 months. Cervical involvement was an independent prognostic factor for the disease-free survival rates. Eight of 16 patients with FIGO stage II disease received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide (or cyclophosphamide) or combined chemoradiation. The 5-year disease-free survival rate for these patients was 87.5%, a value significantly higher than for patients that received radiation therapy alone (30%). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy or combination chemo-radiotherapy might be superior to radiation therapy alone in high-risk early endometrial cancer patients.

Adjuvant therapy in high-risk early endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 46 cases / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prognostic factors and the efficacy of adjuvant therapy and reviewed randomized studies carried out on patients receiving adjuvant therapy with early endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: One hundred and five patients that received primary surgical treatment for stage IB, IC and II endometrial cancer were enrolled in this study. The clinical outcomes were compared among the patients with variable prognostic factors and adjuvant treatments. RESULTS: One hundred and five patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria and 46 patients (43.8%) underwent adjuvant therapy. Disease recurrence occurred in nine patients within a median time of 24 months. Cervical involvement was an independent prognostic factor for the disease-free survival rates. Eight of 16 patients with FIGO stage II disease received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide (or cyclophosphamide) or combined chemoradiation. The 5-year disease-free survival rate for these patients was 87.5%, a value significantly higher than for patients that received radiation therapy alone (30%). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy or combination chemo-radiotherapy might be superior to radiation therapy alone in high-risk early endometrial cancer patients.

Prognostic outcome of patients with clinical stage I-II endometrial cancer according to bilateral salpino-oophorectomy / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to verify the clinical outcome of staging surgery with and (or) without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) in clinical stage I-II endometrial cancer patients. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 178 surgically treated patients in clinical stage I-II endometrial cancer between January 1994 and December 2004. Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were analyzed by using data gathered from the National Statistics Office. The clinical outcome was compared between patients who underwent hysterectomy with and without BSO. RESULTS: One hundred sixty patients were in clinical stage I, and 18 patients were in clinical stage II. Most of the cases showed endometrioid (93.8%) in histology and G1 (56.1%) in differentiation. BSO was performed in 142 patients. Surgico-pathological features of two group are not different but the group without BSO were younger (40.7 vs. 55.8 years old) and less myometrial invasion than the group with BSO. After mean 39.27 months follow up, we found no difference in OS and DFS between the two groups with BSO and without BSO. No factors except stage were significantly related with OS and DFS by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The rate of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis was not different between two groups. CONCLUSION: The retrospective data in the study reveals that staging surgery with and without BSO does not affect OS and DFS in clinical stage I-II endometrial cancer patients. In limited cases, such as young women, omitting BSO can be considered carefully.

Retraction: Comparison of As2O3 and As4O6 in the Detection of SiHa Cervical Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition Pathway / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

No abstract available.

A case of mucinous borderline tumour showing persistently elevated tumor markers progressed into invasive mucinous cystadenocarcinoma / 부인종양

Mucinous tumors account for 10-15% of all epithelial of ovarian tumors, and 40% of them are borderline. Not many factors are known about progression into mucinous carcinoma of borderline ovarian tumors. The incidence of progression into invasive carcinoma is reported about 2.4% for borderline serous tumous, and 1.6% for borderline mucinous ovarian tumors. Mucinous tumors often exhibit a morphologic continuum of beningn, borderline, and invasive, so a pathologist should pay attention when examine the pathologic specimen not to miss carcinoma. This is the case of 54 female patients who developed invasive mucinous ovarian carcinoma 6 months after surgical treatment of borderline mucinous ovarian tumour.

Transcutaneous DNA immunization of HPV-16 E7 with hair-follicle specific promoter in mice / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Previous reports have shown that transcutaneous immunization (TCI) with proteins or peptides in combination with adjuvants efficiently induces specific cellular and humoral immune responses. We compared the immune response after TCI with new construct which was derived from HPV-16 E7opt+K and pK6hf promoter instead of pCMV promoter and various adjuvant. METHODS: First, we made new construct ligated with HPV-16 E7 opt+K to Hair-follicle Specific pK6hf Promoter. Second, we applied pk6hf-E7 opt+K DNA with or without Lipofectamine 2000 and a combination of cholera toxin (CT) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) onto cold wax-depilated and hydrated bare skin of C57 BL/6 mice. To assess the ability of CTL(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte) activity, we performed intracellular cytokine staining with flow cytometric analysis to determine the number of E7-specific IFN-gamma- secreting CD8+ T cells generated in vaccinated mice with the DNA vaccine. RESULTS: Female C57BL/6 mice immunized by TCI methods with 30 microgram of pk6hf-E7 opt+K DNA with Lipofectamine2000 and CT efficiently generated E7-specific CD8(+) T cells compared with the group of pk6hf-E7 opt+K DNA only or DNA with Lipofectamine2000. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that TCI of the linkaged-E7 DNA , E7 opt+K DNA to pk6hf, and Lipofectamine2000 and CT induced an antigen-specific CTL response. This result is of potential relevance for the development of therapeutic HPV-specific DNA vaccines with TCI and pK6hf promoter can be used safely.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. METHODS: Medical records of patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix who primarily underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (n=72) at A Hospital from August 1998 to July 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with stage IA1-IIB lesions were included in the study. Clinical and pathological data were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 46.5 years. The mean follow-up time for surviving patients was 35 months. The overall survival rate was 91.7% and disease free survival rate was 88.9%. Using univariate analysis, stage, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), parametrial invasion, pelvic lymph node invasion and depth of stromal invasion were significant for survival, whereas grade, age, endometrial invasion were not significant. But using multivariate analysis, only stage and pelvic lymph node invasion remained significant independent predictors for survival. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that survival rate is high for patients with early stage, after primary surgery. We found stage and pelvic lymph node invasion of significant prognostic value for survival in cervical adenocarcinoma.

The value of sentinel node HPV status for prediction of lymphnode metastasis and recurrence in cervical cancer patients / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: The "sentinel node" is defined as the first lymph node encountered by lymphatic vessels draining a tumor. We tried to examine whether pathologic status of sentinel nodes of cervical cancer patients represent metastatic status of pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes and to investigate the correlation between sentinel node HPV status and lymph node metastasis and recurrence of cervical cancer patients. METHODS: From August 2001 to December 2003, 57 patients affected by stage IB-IIA cervical cancer had sentinel node biopsies performed during radical hysterectomy and pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy. We performed sentinel lymph node pathologic examination by frozen section and HPV typing by oligonucleotide microarray. After two years of follow up, we analyzed the prognosis of patients. RESULTS: Sentinel nodes were identified in all of our patients. A total of 79 nodes were detected as sentinel nodes. Metastasis in the sentinel nodes were found in 10 patients by frozen section and 11 patients by permanent pathologic examination. The results of sentinel lymph node frozen biopsy were statistically significant for predicting the metastatic status of the pelvic lymph nodes (p<0.05), but showed one false negative case. HPV DNA was detected in the cervices of 55 patients (96.5%), 44 (80.0%) of whom were found to have HPV DNA in the sentinel nodes. HPV DNA was detected in sentinel nodes of 10 patients among 11 patients with lymph node metastases. After mean follow up of 31.7 months (range; 1-48), disease recurred in five patients and all of these patients showed HPV in sentinel nodes. Combination of sentinel node frozen biopsy and HPV typing showed negative predictive value of 100% in predicting lymph node metastasis and recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our result suggests the possibility that sentinel node HPV typing would play a supportive role to reduce false negative rate of sentinel node biopsy. Additional study will be needed to confirm the clinical application of sentinel lymph procedure and to reveal correlation between HPV status of sentinel nodes and lymph node metastasis and recurrence of cervical cancer patients.

Proteomic analyses of cervical cancer tissues by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of protein expressions by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in normal cervix and squamous cell carcinoma tissues in Korean women. METHODS: Normal cervix and squamous cell carcinoma tissues were solubilized with 2-DE buffer and the first dimension of PROTEAN IEF CELL, isoelectric focusing (IEF), was performed using pH3-10 linear IPG strips of 17 cm. And then running 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and sliver stain. Scanned image was analyzed using PDQuest 2-D softwareTM. Protein spot spectrum was identified by assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of fighting (MALDI-TOF) and the protein mass spectrum identifications were performed by searching protein databases of Swiss-prot/TrEMBL, Mascot and MS-FIT. RESULTS: We found 9 up-regulation proteins (Alpha enolase, Keratin 19 type I, Keratin 20 type I, Keratin 13 type I, beta-actin, Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase 1, Annexin A2, Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2, unknown), 7 down-reguation proteins (Annexin 1, Myosin regulatory light chain 2, 14-3-3 protein epsilon, Heat shock 27 kDa protein, Hypothetical protein (DKFZP434C1715), Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B, Smoth muscle protein 22-alpha) and 6 up and down-regulation proteins (Tropomyosin 1, Tropomyosin 2, Tropomyosin 3, Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha isoform, Src homology 3 domain-containing protein HIP-55) between normal cervix and squamous cell carcinoma cell tissues. CONCLUSION: 2-DE offers total protein expressions between normal cervix and squamous cell carcinoma cell tissues, and searching of differently expressed protein for the diagnostic markers of squamous cell carcinoma tissue.

Interaction between Causative Factors of Cervical Cancer and BARD-1 (BRCA-associated ring domain-1) Polymorphism / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify interaction between causative factors of cervical cancer and BARD-1 (BRCA1 associated ring domain-1) polymorphism on cervical carcinogenesis in Korean women. METHODS: We evaluated 1,347 patients composed of women who had cervical cancer (n=337) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n=308) and normal control healthy women (n=702) from October 2000 until November 2001. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BARD-1 were evaluated from extracted DNA of peripheral blood with automatic DNA sequencer. The difference of each SNP between normal controls and patients was evaluated in the adjusted environmental background. RESULTS: In environmental aspect, the cervical cancer increased in the women who had the lower level of education, smoking history, the younger age of the first sexual intercourse, and the more child-bearing . The women who had BARD V507M (Arg/Arg) showed 1.6 fold increased risk in cervical cancer than the women who had BARD V507M (G/G), (G/A)(p=0.0433). And the risk increased with BARD R378S (C/C) among who have environmental risk factors compared with BARD R378S (G/G), (G/C) allele positive who have no environmental risk factors. CONCLUSION: We found that the level of education, the age at first intercourse, and the number of children were the independent risk factors in cervical carcinogenesis. The specific combination of BARD-1 and gene-environmental interactions were significantly noted in the cervical carcinogenesis in Korean women.

Correlation of adenoassociated virus type 2 and high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 infection in the cervix of Korean women / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies were showed that adenoassocited virus (AAV) infection was had negative effects on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and that the cervical cancer cell growth is inhibited by AAV infection. We detected of AAV 2 and high-risk HPV infection and researched correlation with AAV 2 and HPV in cervical cell. METHODS: Cell of normal cervix (49 persons), infected HPV cervix (45 persons), cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) I (31 persons), II (20 persons), III (35 persons), and invasive cancer (30 persons) were investigated by PCR using AAV-2 and HPV type 16 and 18 specific primers. RESULTS: AAV 2 was detected in 8 out of 49 normal cervix (16.3%), 2 out of 45 infected HPV cervix (4.4%), 3 out of 31 CIN I (9.7%), 4 out of 20 CIN II (20%), 8 out of 35 CIN III (22.8%), and 3 out of 30 invasive cervical cancer cases (30%). However, HPV 16 was detected in 5 out of 49 normal cervix (10.2%), 20 out of 45 infected HPV cervix (44.4%), 13 out of 31 CIN I (42%), 11 out of 20 CIN II (55%), 19 out of 35 CIN III (54.3%), and 21 out of 30 invasive cervical cancer cases (70%). HPV 18 was detected in 6 out of 49 normal cervix (12.2%), 18 out of 45 infected HPV cervix (40%), 16 out of 31 CIN I (51.6%), 10 out of 20 CIN II (50%), 22 out of 35 CIN III (62.8%), and 13 out of 30 invasive cervical cancer cases (43.3%). CONCLUSION: AAV 2 was detected in normal and infected HPV cervix, CIN (I, II, III) and invasive cervical cancer. As compared to normal, CIN I and CIN II, suggesting significant correlation between AAV 2 and HPV type 16. Further, researches continue to be done relationship to AAV 2 and HPV infection in cervix.

Immunization with Adenoviral Vectors Carrying Recombinant IL-12 and E7 Enhanced the Antitumor Immunity against Human Papillomavirus 16-associated Tumor / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has a significant role in cervical carcinogenesis, and HPV oncoprotein E7 plays an important part in the formation and maintenance of cervical cancer. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been reported to induce a cellular immune response, and to suppress the tumor growth and the E7 production. Here we describe the use of adenoviral delivery of the HPV 16 E7 subunit (AdE7) along with adenoviral delivery of IL-12 (AdIL-12) in mice with HPV-associated tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were injected with TC-1 cells to establish TC-1 tumor, and then they were immunized with AdIL-12 and/or AdE7 intratumorally. The anti tumor effects induced by AdIL-12 and/or E7 were evaluated by measuring the size of the tumor. E7-specific antibody and INF-gamma production in sera, and the T-helper cell proliferative responses were then measured. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T cell subset depletion studies were also performed. RESULTS: Combined AdIL-12 and AdE7 infection at the tumor sites significantly enhanced the antitumor effects more than that of AdIL-12 or AdE7 single infection. This combined infection resulted in regression of the 9 mm sized tumors in 80% of animals as compare to the PBS group. E7-specific antibody and INF-gamma production in the sera, and the T-helper cell proliferative responses were significantly higher with coinfection of AdIL-12 and AdE7 than with AdIL-12 or AdE7 alone. CTL response induced by AdIL-12 and AdE7 in the coinjected group suggested that tumor suppression was mediated by mostly CD8+ and only a little by the CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION: IL-12 and E7 application using adenovirus vector showed antitumor immunity effects against TC-1 tumor, and this system could be use in clinical applications for HPV-associated cancer.

Expression of E-cadherin and Catenin (alpha-, beta-catenin) in Endometrial Cancer and Atypical Complex Endometrial Hyperplasia / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of the expression of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin and the clinicopathological features in endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical complex endometrial hyperplasia (ACEH). METHODS: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin was performed in tissues of 6 ACEHs, 44 endometrioid ECs. We analyzed the correlation of the expression of IHC staining with the prognostic factors according to tumor stage of ACEH and EC, histopathologic grade, and myometrial invasion. RESULTS: According to tumor stage, reduced E-cadherin expression and abnormal alpha-catenin expression were observed more frequently in advanced stage (reduced E-cadherin: ACEH 0%, stage I-II 47.2%, stage III-IV 62.5%, p=0.050; abnormal alpha-catenin: ACEH 0%, stage I-II 27.8%, stage III-IV 62.5%, p=0.035). All of the IHC staining showed no correlation with the depth of myometrial invasion but showed correlation with presence of myometrial invasion (reduced E-cadherin: invasion(-) 14.3%, invasion(+) 66.7%, p =0.001; abnormal alpha-catenin: invasion(-) 7.1%, invasion (+) 46.0%, p=0.010; abnormal beta-catenin: invasion(-) 7.1%, invasion(+) 63.0%, p=0.000). According to histological differentiation only abnormal beta-catenin expression shows relationship with histopathologic grade (grade 1:23.1%, grade 2:60%, grade 3:62.5%, p=0.039). CONCLUSION: Expression of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin showed significantly more reduced expression in EC than in ACEH, and more reduced expression in advanced stage, myometrial invasion and high histopathologic grade. And alpha-catenin showed more frequent abnormal expression in advanced stage, myometrial invasion and beta-catenin showed more frequent in myometrial invasion, high histopathologic grade significantly. These results suggests that the expression of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin, beta-catenin in EC and ACEH could be related to prognosis of the tumor.

Effects of cell growth inhibition on the combination of cisplatin with green tea extracts / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: The chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)) is particularly effective against cervical cancer. The purpose of this study is to elucidate combination effect of cisplatin and green tea extracts on the growth inhibition of TC-1 cell. METHODS: To observe the anti-proliferative effects, we treated different doses of cisplatin (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 uM), GTP (1, 5, 25 ug/ml) and EGCG (25, 50, 100 uM). to TC-1 cells. Also, we treated 0.5 uM of cisplatin and different doses of GTP (1 and 5 ug/ml) or EGCG (25 and 50 uM). Cell viability was scored by use of MTT assay. In addition, E6 gene expression patterns in TC-1 cell were investigated by using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Cell growth inhibition in a dose dependent was observed at the different concentration of ciaplatin, GTP and EGCG. Also, in the groups treated by 0.5 uM of cisplatin and GTP (1 and 5 ug/ml) or EGCG (25 and 50 uM), the inhibition of cell growth showed with 12.2%, 6.9% and 63.4%, 72.2% as compared to the group treated by cisplatin only. In RT-PCR, down regulation of E6 was shown. CONCLUSION: Additive effect of the combination of cisplatin with GTP or EGCG on the inhibition of cell growth was observed. This effect suggests the possibility lowering the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs, which alleviate the side effect of drugs.

Search for Gene Expression in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma using GeneFishing(TM) DEG PCR Technique / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression profiles using GeneFishing(TM) DEG kit in Korean women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Cervical cancer biopsies were obtained from patients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mary's hodpital. In this study, we used a common reference that was mixed with an equal amount of RNA extracted from non-cervical cancer patients. The profiles of expression genes between cervical normal and squamous cell carcinoma tissue were identified using GeneFishing(TM) DEG Kit and screened by BLAST search. RESULTS: Almost 100 differential expressed genes were identified in universal control and cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 53 of differential expressed genes, up-regulated expression of 32 and 21 down-regulated expression was sequenced. Up-regulated genes were calcylin, calgranulin A, TRK oncogene, HLC5, fibrillarin, collagene type I alpha1 etc. and down-regulated genes were galectin 1, PRP8 pre-mRNA precessing factor 8 homology, clusterin etc. CONCLUSION: We identified gene expression profile in cervical squamous cell carcinoma using GeneFishing(TM) Kit in Korean women. The functional genomics of these genes should be further studied.

The Role of Radiation Therapy for the Extramammary Paget's Disease of the Vulva ; Experience of 3 Cases / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

We have experienced three cases of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) of the vulva that received radiation therapy (RT). Here, we analyze the efficacy of RT and include a literature survey. Three patients with EMPD of the vulva were treated with curative RT between 1993 and 1998. One of the patients had associated underlying adenocarcinoma of the vulva. The total doses of radiation administered were 54~78 Gy/6~8 weeks. Radiation fields encompassed 2 to 3 cm outer margins free from all visible disease including or not including the inguinal area using a 9 MeV electron or a 6 MV photon beam. Follow-up durations after radiotherapy were 0.6~11 years. Complete response was obtained in all three patients. Marginal failure occurred in one patient, and another patient with underlying adenocarcinoma treated by vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection followed by external RT showed no relapse. Radiation induced side effects were transient acute confluent wet desquamation in the treated area resulting in mild late atrophic skin changes. Although surgery is currently considered the preferred primary treatment for EMPD, it has a high relapse rate due to the multifocal nature of the disease. We conclude that RT is of benefit in some selected cases of EMPD.